Fogle_Lauren

=Multi Genre Project=

Table Of Contents
Thesis Statement Genre 1 Genre 2 Genre 3 Genre 4 Genre 5 Genre 6 Work Cited

Waterboarding other wise known as torture, Is when a person gets a cloth put over their face and water gets poured on them, thinking they are drowning.

Genre 1- Poem Waterboarding
Waterboarding. I love to swim in the big blue ocean I would love swimming down into the water to try to touch the bottom, And keep going till I couldn’t no more, then go above the surface to gasp for air, oh how I loved swimming underwater, Until poor Taylor, Drowned and never had the chance Now I’m afraid, afraid to even dive down close enough to the surface, Afraid that I would too go under and never to return, Being pounded with water, not being able to breathe or to move, Sounds fun to you? To see someone suffer? It’s more like being kicked in the ribs over and over again; it’s a sad way to die, Now I’m diving under, I’m panicking, I can’t breathe, I struggle to get free I’m bound tightly, unable to move, Only if the life guard came fast enough, So I wouldn’t have disappeared.

Genre 2- Magazine Article
Magazine Article

By:[|**Christopher Hitchens**]

“Here is the most chilling way I can find of stating the matter. Until recently, “waterboarding” was something that Americans did to other Americans. It was inflicted, and endured, by those members of the Special Forces who underwent the advanced form of training known as sere(Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape). In these harsh exercises, brave men and women were introduced to the sorts of barbarism that they might expect to meet at the hands of a lawless foe who disregarded the Geneva Conventions. But it was something that Americans were being trained to //resist,//not to //inflict.//

Exploring this narrow but deep distinction, on a gorgeous day last May I found myself deep in the hill country of western North Carolina, preparing to be surprised by a team of extremely hardened veterans who had confronted their country’s enemies in highly arduous terrain all over the world. They knew about everything from unarmed combat to enhanced interrogation and, in exchange for anonymity, were going to show me as nearly as possible what real waterboarding might be like. It goes without saying that I knew I could stop the process at any time, and that when it was all over I would be released into happy daylight rather than returned to a darkened cell. But it’s been well said that cowards die many times before their deaths, and it was difficult for me to completely forget the clause in the contract of indemnification that I had signed. This document (written by one who knew) stated revealingly:

“//Water boarding” is a potentially dangerous activity in which the participant can receive serious and permanent (physical, emotional and psychological) injuries and even death, including injuries and death due to the respiratory and neurological systems of the body.//

As the agreement went on to say, there would be safeguards provided “during the ‘water boarding’ process, however, these measures may fail and even if they work properly they may not prevent Hitchens from experiencing serious injury or death.”

On the night before the encounter I got to sleep with what I thought was creditable ease, but woke early and knew at once that I wasn’t going back to any sort of doze or snooze. The first specialist I had approached with the scheme had asked my age on the telephone and when told what it was (I am 59) had laughed out loud and told me to forget it. Waterboarding is for Green Berets in training, or wiry young jihadists whose teeth can bite through the gristle of an old goat. It’s not for wheezing, paunchy scribblers. For my current “handlers” I had had to produce a doctor’s certificate assuring them that I did not have asthma, but I wondered whether I should tell them about the 15,000 cigarettes I had inhaled every year for the last several decades. I was feeling apprehensive, in other words, and beginning to wish I hadn’t given myself so long to think about it.

I have to be opaque about exactly where I was later that day, but there came a moment when, sitting on a porch outside a remote house at the end of a winding country road, I was very gently yet firmly grabbed from behind, pulled to my feet, pinioned by my wrists (which were then cuffed to a belt), and cut off from the sunlight by having a black hood pulled over my face. I was then turned around a few times, I presume to assist in disorienting me, and led over some crunchy gravel into a darkened room. Well, mainly darkened: there were some oddly spaced bright lights that came as pinpoints through my hood. And some weird music assaulted my ears. (I’m no judge of these things, but I wouldn’t have expected former Special Forces types to be so fond of New Age techno-disco.) The outside world seemed very suddenly very distant indeed.

Arms already lost to me, I wasn’t able to flail as I was pushed onto a sloping board and positioned with my head lower than my heart. (That’s the main point: the angle can be slight or steep.) Then my legs were lashed together so that the board and I were one single and trussed unit. Not to bore you with my phobias, but if I don’t have at least two pillows I wake up with acid reflux and mild sleep apnea, so even a merely supine position makes me uneasy. And, to tell you something I had been keeping from myself as well as from my new experimental friends, I do have a fear of drowning that comes from a bad childhood moment on the Isle of Wight, when I got out of my depth. As a boy reading the climactic torture scene of //1984,//where what is in Room 101 is the worst thing in the world, I realize that somewhere in my version of that hideous chamber comes the moment when the wave washes over me. Not that that makes me special: I don’t know anyone who //likes// the idea of drowning. As mammals we may have originated in the ocean, but water has many ways of reminding us that when we are in it we are out of our element. In brief, when it comes to breathing, give me good old air every time.”

Genre 3- Police Reports
= __Police Reports__ =

February 9, 2010 9:30 AM

**Police: Iraq War Vet Joshua Tabor Waterboarded 4-Year-Old Daughter Over ABC's**

By**:** Edecio Martinez

**TACOMA, Wash. (CBS/AP)** Iraq war veteran Joshua Tabor is accused of waterboarding his 4-year-old daughter because she would not recite the alphabet.Thurston County prosecutors filed a child-assault charge Tuesday against the 27-year-old Army Sergeant.According to a police report obtained by CNN, Tabor's girlfriend called police to their home in Yelm Sunday because Tabor had dunked his daughter's head in the kitchen sink. Yelm is about 65 miles south of Seattle.According to the police report, Tabor admitted to holding his daughter in the sink because she was afraid of water, CNN reports.When investigators asked the little girl about the bruises on her back and scratch marks on her neck, she told them "Daddy did it.""It was hot, the water was hot. I told him I would say my letters then!" the girl told police, according to the police report obtained by CNN.Tabor was released from jail Monday after posting $10,000 bail and is restricted to Joint Base Lewis-McChord. The child is now in custody of Child Protective Services.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Sometime in 2008

= Woman Waterboarded: Police Arrest Jermeller Steed and Cicely Reed For Mock-Drowning On Elderly Patient =

=By: Christina Hartman=

“<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Two nursing home employees in Georgia were arrested for allegedly attacking an elderly woman in a "manner similar to waterboarding," according to local police.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Waterboarding is the controversial interrogation technique that was used by the CIA to extract information from terrorism suspects, but in this case two caregivers supposedly tortured an 89-year-old woman with whom they'd argued.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Police claim that Cicely Reed and Jermeller Steed held down Anna Foley, who has severe dementia, and sprayed water from a shower in her face to make it seem like she was drowning, TV station WGCL reports.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">The attack, which occurred in 2008 the station says, began when Reed and Steed argued with Foley over ice cream. The workers allegedly confined Foley to a shower room and they held her hands and wrists, according to The Daily Mail while they used water from the shower nozzle to obstruct her breathing. The arrest warrant described the incident as "similar to waterboarding."

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Both women were charged with false imprisonment and battering a patient, according to a Clayton County Sheriff's Department spokesman. A grand jury indicted them on Nov. 17, the spokesman told HuffPost.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">A co-worker at the Jonesboro facility witnessed the attack and reported the incident.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Waterboarding was a controversial interrogation technique authorized by the Bush administration after 9/11. A suspect would be strapped to a board so that his feet were raised higher than his head. Water is poured over the suspect's head and triggers a panic response that people experience when drowning.”

Genre 4- Speeches
<span style="font-family: times new roman,serif; font-size: 29px;">__Speeches__ <span style="font-family: times new roman,serif; font-size: 29px;">Waterboarding

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;">May 12, 2011 “WASHINGTON — Waterboarding and other harsh interrogation techniques were not a factor in tracking down Osama bin Laden, a leading Republican senator insisted Thursday. Sen. John McCain, who spent 5½ years as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam, also rejected the argument that any form of torture is critical to U.S. success in the fight against terrorism. [|__Trump: 'Torture' led to catching bin Laden__]<span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;"> In an impassioned speech on the Senate floor, the Arizona Republican said former Attorney General Michael Mukasey and others who supported those kind of measures were wrong to claim that waterboarding al-Qaida's No. 3 leader, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, provided information that led to bin Laden's compound in Pakistan <span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;">McCain spoke with an unrivaled record on the issue. He's the top Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee, the 2008 GOP presidential nominee who consistently challenged the Bush administration and Vice President Dick Cheney on the use of torture and a man who endured brutal treatment during the Vietnam War. [|__Story: Obama broaches bin Laden death at campaign event__]<span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;">He said he asked CIA Director Leon Panetta for the facts, and that the hunt for bin Laden did not begin with fresh information for Mohammed. In fact, the name of bin Laden's courier, Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, came from a detainee held in another country. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;">"Not only did the use of enhanced interrogation techniques on Khalid Sheikh Mohammed not provide us with key leads on bin Laden's courier, Abu Ahmed, it actually produced false and misleading information," McCain said. He called on Mukasey and others to correct their misstatements. A call to Mukasey at his New York law firm was not immediately returned Thursday. Mukasey was President George W. Bush's last attorney general.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;">On Thursday, McCain also [|__penned an opinion piece for The Washington Post__]<span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;"> on the topic, saying, "I know from personal experience that the abuse of prisoners sometimes produces good intelligence but often produces bad intelligence because under torture a person will say anything he thinks his captors want to hear — true or false — if he believes it will relieve his suffering. Often, information provided to stop the torture is deliberately misleading." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: times new roman,serif;">-John McCain.

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">November 13, 2011 “KAPOLEI, Hawaii -- President Barack Obama says the interrogation technique known as waterboarding constitutes torturing, disputing Republican presidential candidates who say they would reinstate the practice. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Obama called waterboarding "torture" and said it was "contrary to America's traditions" during a news conference at the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Republicans Herman Cain and Michele Bachmann said during a Republican debate on Saturday that they would reinstate the technique that former President George W. Bush authorized and Obama banned. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">The practice simulates drowning and is viewed as torture by many.” <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">-President Obama.

Genre 5- Definitions
Definitions For Waterboarding
 * 1) “<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">//<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">T ////<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">he term "torture" means //**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">//any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession// **//<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.” //


 * 1) “<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The US Reservations for the UN Convention Against Torture: //In order to constitute torture, an act must be// //**specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering**// //and that mental pain or suffering refers to prolonged mental harm caused by or resulting from (1) the intentional infliction or threatened infliction of severe physical pain or suffering; (2) the administration or application, or threatened administration or application, of mind altering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or the personality; (3) the threat of imminent death; or (4) the threat that another person will imminently be subjected to death, severe physical pain or suffering, or the administration or application of mind altering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or personality.”//


 * 1) “<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Article 32 of the Fourth Geneva Convention //any measure of such a character as// //**to cause the physical suffering**////or extermination// //**of protected persons in their hands**////. This prohibition applies not only to murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments not necessitated by the medical treatment of a protected person, but also to// //**any other measures of brutality whether applied by civilian or military agents**//

Genre 6- Editorials
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: verdana,sans-serif;">**Reject reinstatement of waterboarding** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">By: <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The Daily Targum November 14, 2011 “<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Near the end of former President George W. Bush’s time in office, high-level members of his administration decided to discontinue the torture practice of waterboarding on the grounds that the practice was illegal. Just ask Stephen Bradbury, head of the Office of Legal Counsel in the U.S. Department of Justice under Bush, who in early 2008 stated “there has been no determination by the Justice Department that the use of waterboarding, under any circumstances, would be lawful under current law.” But despite the illicit nature of waterboarding, a simulated drowning technique used during interrogations, not everyone in the United States has given up on trying to justify its usefulness, especially in the wake of Osama bin Laden’s death. The event gave many proponents of the practice the chance to claim that without information obtained via waterboarding, the Al Qaeda leader would not have been found. Perhaps the most high-profile supporters of waterboarding at this moment are three GOP presidential hopefuls. Herman Cain, Rep. Michele Bachmann, R-Minn., and Texas Gov. Rick Perry all stated at a recent debate that they would like to reinstate the use of waterboarding. The problem with this desire to return to waterboarding, though, is that it relies on misleading semantics and hazy evidence to make its case. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Cain and others are quick to point out that they support waterboarding because it is not torture but “enhanced interrogation.” Of course, no one is actually fooled by this attempt at obscuring the issue with weak wordplay. “Enhanced interrogation” is nothing more than the family-friendly name for torture, like referring to sex as “making love” instead of dropping the dreaded “f-bomb.” While proponents of waterboarding say that it is an important interrogation technique, there is no proof that any of the information extracted via waterboarding actually led to finding bin Laden or any terrorist. In fact, a large portion of the information on bin Laden’s whereabouts came not from tortured prisoners, but from Pakistani informants, including an Army major. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">As a world power and one of the most developed nations on the globe, the United States should act as an example for other nations to follow. It cannot be such an example if it resorts to violating human rights through torture. Instead, the United States should look to diplomacy whenever possible and remember that our nation is built on the free and equal treatment of all people. It should not perpetuate barbarism such as waterboarding”

=<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Editorial: There is no place in U.S. society for waterboarding = <span style="font-family: times new roman,serif; font-size: 19px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">By: [|Editorial Board] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> November 16, 2011

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">"During last Saturday's GOP debate, 2012 presidential candidates Herman Cain and Michelle Bachmann declared their support for waterboarding. This controversial procedure was deemed to be an "enhanced interrogation technique" by the last Bush Administration, but was banned under President Barack Obama. Those politicians who argue for returning to the Bush era definition express a questionable understanding of fundamental human rights and the international law under which even the United States is bound. They ought to reject waterboarding once and for all because this nation is better than promoting such condemnable behavior. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">According to the UN Convention Against Torture, which the United States signed and, therefore, is legally obligated to follow, torture means "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession." During waterboarding, a cloth is placed over a restrained captive's face, and water is poured onto it to simulate drowning. The intended result is, obviously, to acquire information by causing pain. As the internationally accepted UN definition states, an interrogation method does not have to include the possibility of death for it to be torture. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">This editorial does not condemn the entire GOP, which lacks consensus regarding waterboarding. Though presidential candidates Rick Perry and Mitt Romney joined Bachmann and Cain in endorsing this procedure, fellow candidates Jon Huntsman and Ron Paul dissented. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">"We diminish our standing in the world and the values that we project ... when we torture," argued Huntsman. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Ron Paul agreed with the former Utah governor: "Waterboarding is torture ... It's illegal under international law and under our law." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Paul is quite right. And the international law he cites, the aforementioned Convention Against Torture, was signed by the United States in April 1988 under GOP President Ronald Reagan. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The Reagan Administration included, the United States has historically considered waterboarding to be torture. During the International Military Tribunal for the Far East following World War II, Japanese soldiers were either hanged or given severe prison sentences for administering what was interchangeably called "water cure" and "waterboarding." The United States is better than stooping to the level of our past enemies, regardless of the intel we receive from the procedure. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Politicians who support waterboarding endorse electorally unpopular beliefs. According to a 2009 New York Times/CBS News poll, 71 percent of Americans agree that waterboarding is torture. On a merely self-serving, voter-based rationale, candidates will gain support from opposing the procedure. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Do the circumstances ever justify the United States sanctioning behavior for which we once punished with execution? Morals are complex for those without principles. For those like Bachmann and Cain who believe that the ends justify the means, the answer is sometimes "yes." For those who believe in fundamental truths that cannot be arbitrarily changed, then the answer is "no." Sometimes the answer is that simple"

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Work Cited
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